خلاصه کلیه تکنیک های رادیولوژی

تکنیک های رادیوگرافی

رئیسی سهیل 
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Upper Extremities Finger - PA / AP Finger - Oblique Finger - Lateral Thumb - PA/AP Thumb - Oblique Thumb - Lateral Hand - PA Hand - Oblique Hand - Lateral Hand - Lateral (Fan) Hand - Oblique (Ballcatchers) Hand - AP Axial (Brewerton's) Hand - Bone Age Wrist - PA Wrist - Oblique (Internal Rotation) Wrist - Oblique (External Rotation) Wrist - Lateral Wrist - Lateral (Flexion) Wrist - Lateral (Extension) Wrist - Carpal Tunnel / Canal Wrist - Carpal Bridge Wrist - PA (Ulnar Deviation) Wrist - PA (Radial Deviation) Wrist - PA (Clenched Fist) Scaphoid - PA Scaphoid - PA Axial Scaphoid - PA (Ulnar deviation) Scaphoid - PA (Radial deviation) Scaphoid - Oblique (Ulnar deviation) Scaphoid - Lateral Forearm - AP Forearm - Lateral Elbow - AP Elbow - External Oblique (Lateral Rotation) Elbow - Internal Oblique (Medial Rotation) Elbow - Lateral Elbow - Radial Head Elbow - AP (Partial Flexion) Elbow - Acute Flexion Humerus - AP Humerus - Lateral Humerus - Transthoracic Lateral Humerus - Intertubercular Groove Lower Extremities Toes - DP Toes - Oblique (DPO) Toes - Lateral Sesamoids - Axial Sesamoids - Oblique Foot - DP Foot - Medial Oblique Foot - Lateral Oblique Foot - Lateral Foot - DP Weight Bearing Foot - Lateral Weight Bearing Foot - DP Composite Weight Bearing Calcaneus - Axial Calcaneus - Lateral Calcaneus - Lateromedial Oblique Ankle - AP Ankle - Oblique (Mortise) Ankle - Oblique (Internal Rotation) Ankle - Oblique (External Rotation) Ankle - Lateral Ankle - Stress Projections Subtalar Jt - PA Axial Oblique (Anthosens) Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique - Medial Rotation Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique - Lateral Rotation Subtalar Jt - Lateromedial Oblique (Isherwood) Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique Medial (Isherwood) Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique Lateral (Isherwood) Tibia / Fibula - AP Tibia / Fibula - Lateral Tibia / Fibula - Oblique (Medial / Lateral Rotation) Knee - AP Knee - Rolled Lateral Knee - Horizontal Ray Lateral Knee - Skyline (Tangential, Axial, Sunrise) Knee - Intercondylar (AP Axial) Knee - Intercondylar (PA Axial) (Camp-Coventry) Knee - PA Axial Oblique (Lateral Rotation) (Kuchendorf Method) Knee - Intercondylar (PA Axial) (Holmblad) Knee - Oblique (Lateral Rotation) Knee - Oblique (Medial Rotation) Knee - AP Bilateral Weightbearing Knee - PA Bilateral Weightbearing (Rosenbergs) Patella - PA Patella - Lateral Patella - Oblique (Medial Rotation) Patella - Oblique (Lateral Rotation) Femur - AP Femur - Lateral Long Leg View Shoulder Shoulder - AP Shoulder - AP Axial Oblique Shoulder - Glenohumeral (GH) Shoulder - Neers Shoulder - Superoinferior Axial (SI) Shoulder - Inferosuperior (IS) Axial (Lawrence Method) Shoulder - Inferosuperior (IS) Axial (West Point Method) Shoulder - Transthoracic Lateral Shoulder - Lateral (Scapular Y) Scapula - AP Scapula - Lateral Scapula - Oblique Clavicle - AP shoulder Clavicle - AP Clavicle - AP Axial - 30° cephalad Acromioclavicular - (Single) AP Acromioclavicular - (Bilateral) AP (Pearson Method) Acromioclavicular - AP Axial Acromioclaviculr - PA Axial Oblique Acromioclavicular - Weightbearing Pelvis Pelvis - AP Pelvis - Lateral Anterior Pelvic Bones - AP Axial "Outlet View" (Taylor) Anterior Pelvic Bones - Superioinferior "Inlet View" (Lilienfield) Hip - AP Hip - Rolled Lateral Hip Hip - Horizontal Ray Lateral Hip Hip - Axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) Hip - Axiolateral (Freidman) Hip - Acetabulum - Judet Method	Thorax Chest - PA Erect Chest - Left Lateral (Erect) Chest - AP Supine Chest - Apical Chest - Lordotic Chest - Lordotic (Right Middle Lobe) Chest - Lateral Decubitus Chest - Dorsal Decubitus Chest - Ventral Decubitus Chest - Oblique Ribs - PA (Anterior Ribs) Ribs - AP (Posterior Upper Ribs 1-8) Ribs - AP (Posterior Lower Ribs 9-12) Ribs - Oblique (Axillary Ribs) Sternum - RAO Sternum - Lateral (Left or Right) Sternoclavicular - PA Sternoclavicular - Oblique Sternoclavicular - Axiolateral (Kurzbauer) Abdomen Abdomen - Supine Abdomen - Prone Abdomen - Erect Abdomen - Lateral Decubitus Abdomen - Dorsal Decubitus Abdomen - Lateral Renal - Supine Abdomen (Inspiration) Renal - AP Renal Area (Expiration) Vertebral Spine Cervical - Lateral Cervical - Lateral (Flexion) Cervical - Lateral (Extension) Cervical - Oblique Cervical - Oblique (Lodgemoore) Cervical - AP Cervical - AP ("Wagging Jaw") Cervical - AP Vertibral Arch Cervical - Oblique Vertibral Arch Cervical - Odontoid Peg Cervical - Odontoid Peg (Fuch Method) Cervical - Cervicothoracic (Swimmers) (Twining Method) Cervical - Cervicothoracic (Swimmers) (Pawlow Method) Thoracic - AP Thoracic - Lateral Thoracic - Oblique Lumbar - PA or AP Lumbar - Lateral Lumbar - Lateral (Flexion and Extension) Lumbar - Lateral (Supine and Erect) Lumbar - Oblique Lumbar - L5/S1 AP or PA Lumbar - L5/S1 Lateral Sacrum - AP Sacrum - Lateral Sacroiliac Joints - AP Sacroiliac Joints - Oblique LPO / RPO Coccyx - AP Coccyx - Lateral Chiropractic Spine Skull Skull - AP Skull - PA (Caldwell) 0° Skull - PA (Caldwelll) 15° Skull - PA (Caldwell ) 25° - 30° Skull - PA (Haas) Skull - Townes Skull - Townes (Trauma) Skull - Lateral Skull - Lateral Horizontal Ray (Trauma) Skull - SMV (Submentovertex) (Basal) Sella Turcica - AP Axial SellaTurcica - Lateral Temporal Bone Temporal Bone - Stenvers View Petromastoid - Axiolateral (Modified Law) Petromastoid - Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law) Petromastoid - Axiolateral (Henschen, Schuller, Lysholm) Facial Bones Facial - PA (Caldwell) 15° Facial - PA 30° (Modified Parietocanthial) Facial - OM Facial - OM 30° Facial - Lateral Facial - Slit Townes Facial - Slit (SMV) (Basal) Nasal - OM Nasal - Lateral Nasal - Tangential Orbits Orbit - Superior Orbital Fissures - PA 25° Orbit - Inferior Orbital Fissures Orbit - OM Orbit - OM 30° Orbit - OM Modified Orbit - Lateral Orbit - Optic Canal (Foramen) (Rhese Method) Zygoma Zygomas - Arches Slit (SMV) (Basal) Zygomas - Arches (OM) Zygoma - Arch (Tangential) Zygomas - Slit Townes Sinuses Sinuses - PA 15° (Caldwell) Sinuses - OM (Waters) Sinuses - OM (Waters) Open Mouth Sinuses - Lateral Sinuses - Submentovertical (SMV) Mandible Mandible - PA (Rami) Mandible - PA (Body) Mandible - Lateral Mandible - Oblique Mandible - SMV Mandible - (Towne method) Mandible - Symphysis Mandible - Orthopantomogram (OPG) Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) TMJ - Slit Townes (Open mouth) TMJ - Lateral Oblique TMJ - Orthopantomogram (OPG) Scoliosis Series AP Lateral AP ferguson left / right bending

Upper Extremities

Finger - PA / AP
Finger - Oblique
Finger - Lateral

Thumb - PA/AP
Thumb - Oblique
Thumb - Lateral

Hand - PA
Hand - Oblique
Hand - Lateral
Hand - Lateral (Fan)
Hand - Oblique (Ballcatchers)
Hand - AP Axial (Brewerton's)
Hand - Bone Age

Wrist - PA
Wrist - Oblique (Internal Rotation)
Wrist - Oblique (External Rotation)
Wrist - Lateral
Wrist - Lateral (Flexion)
Wrist - Lateral (Extension)
Wrist - Carpal Tunnel / Canal
Wrist - Carpal Bridge
Wrist - PA (Ulnar Deviation)
Wrist - PA (Radial Deviation)
Wrist - PA (Clenched Fist)

Scaphoid - PA
Scaphoid - PA Axial
Scaphoid - PA (Ulnar deviation)
Scaphoid - PA (Radial deviation)
Scaphoid - Oblique (Ulnar deviation)
Scaphoid - Lateral

Forearm - AP
Forearm - Lateral

Elbow - AP
Elbow - External Oblique (Lateral Rotation)
Elbow - Internal Oblique (Medial Rotation)
Elbow - Lateral
Elbow - Radial Head
Elbow - AP (Partial Flexion)
Elbow - Acute Flexion

Humerus - AP
Humerus - Lateral
Humerus - Transthoracic Lateral
Humerus - Intertubercular Groove

Lower Extremities

Toes - DP
Toes - Oblique (DPO)
Toes - Lateral

Sesamoids - Axial
Sesamoids - Oblique

Foot - DP
Foot - Medial Oblique
Foot - Lateral Oblique
Foot - Lateral

Foot - DP Weight Bearing
Foot - Lateral Weight Bearing
Foot - DP Composite Weight Bearing

Calcaneus - Axial
Calcaneus - Lateral
Calcaneus - Lateromedial Oblique

Ankle - AP
Ankle - Oblique (Mortise)
Ankle - Oblique (Internal Rotation)
Ankle - Oblique (External Rotation)
Ankle - Lateral
Ankle - Stress Projections

Subtalar Jt - PA Axial Oblique (Anthosens)
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique - Medial Rotation
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique - Lateral Rotation
Subtalar Jt - Lateromedial Oblique (Isherwood)
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique Medial (Isherwood)
Subtalar Jt - AP Axial Oblique Lateral (Isherwood)

Tibia / Fibula - AP
Tibia / Fibula - Lateral
Tibia / Fibula - Oblique (Medial / Lateral Rotation)

Knee - AP
Knee - Rolled Lateral
Knee - Horizontal Ray Lateral
Knee - Skyline (Tangential, Axial, Sunrise)
Knee - Intercondylar (AP Axial)
Knee - Intercondylar (PA Axial) (Camp-Coventry)

Knee - PA Axial Oblique (Lateral Rotation) (Kuchendorf Method)
Knee - Intercondylar (PA Axial) (Holmblad)
Knee - Oblique (Lateral Rotation)
Knee - Oblique (Medial Rotation)

Knee - AP Bilateral Weightbearing
Knee - PA Bilateral Weightbearing (Rosenbergs)

Patella - PA

Patella - Lateral
Patella - Oblique (Medial Rotation)
Patella - Oblique (Lateral Rotation)

Femur - AP
Femur - Lateral

Long Leg View

Shoulder

Shoulder - AP
Shoulder - AP Axial Oblique
Shoulder - Glenohumeral (GH)
Shoulder - Neers
Shoulder - Superoinferior Axial (SI)
Shoulder - Inferosuperior (IS) Axial (Lawrence Method)
Shoulder - Inferosuperior (IS) Axial (West Point Method)
Shoulder - Transthoracic Lateral
Shoulder - Lateral (Scapular Y)

Scapula - AP
Scapula - Lateral
Scapula - Oblique

Clavicle - AP shoulder
Clavicle - AP
Clavicle - AP Axial - 30° cephalad

Acromioclavicular - (Single) AP
Acromioclavicular - (Bilateral) AP (Pearson Method)

Acromioclavicular - AP Axial

Acromioclaviculr - PA Axial Oblique
Acromioclavicular - Weightbearing

Pelvis

Pelvis - AP
Pelvis - Lateral

Anterior Pelvic Bones - AP Axial "Outlet View" (Taylor)
Anterior Pelvic Bones - Superioinferior "Inlet View" (Lilienfield)

Hip - AP

Hip - Rolled Lateral Hip
Hip - Horizontal Ray Lateral Hip
Hip - Axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)
Hip - Axiolateral (Freidman)
Hip - Acetabulum - Judet Method

Thorax

Chest - PA Erect
Chest - Left Lateral (Erect)
Chest - AP Supine
Chest - Apical
Chest - Lordotic
Chest - Lordotic (Right Middle Lobe)
Chest - Lateral Decubitus
Chest - Dorsal Decubitus
Chest - Ventral Decubitus
Chest - Oblique

Ribs - PA (Anterior Ribs)
Ribs - AP (Posterior Upper Ribs 1-8)
Ribs - AP (Posterior Lower Ribs 9-12)
Ribs - Oblique (Axillary Ribs)

Sternum - RAO
Sternum - Lateral (Left or Right)

Sternoclavicular - PA
Sternoclavicular - Oblique
Sternoclavicular - Axiolateral (Kurzbauer)

Abdomen

Abdomen - Supine
Abdomen - Prone
Abdomen - Erect
Abdomen - Lateral Decubitus
Abdomen - Dorsal Decubitus
Abdomen - Lateral

Renal - Supine Abdomen (Inspiration)
Renal - AP Renal Area (Expiration)

Vertebral Spine

Cervical - Lateral
Cervical - Lateral (Flexion)
Cervical - Lateral (Extension)
Cervical - Oblique
Cervical - Oblique (Lodgemoore)
Cervical - AP
Cervical - AP ("Wagging Jaw")
Cervical - AP Vertibral Arch
Cervical - Oblique Vertibral Arch
Cervical - Odontoid Peg
Cervical - Odontoid Peg (Fuch Method)
Cervical - Cervicothoracic (Swimmers) (Twining Method)
Cervical - Cervicothoracic (Swimmers) (Pawlow Method)

Thoracic - AP
Thoracic - Lateral
Thoracic - Oblique

Lumbar - PA or AP
Lumbar - Lateral
Lumbar - Lateral (Flexion and Extension)
Lumbar - Lateral (Supine and Erect)
Lumbar - Oblique

Lumbar - L5/S1 AP or PA
Lumbar - L5/S1 Lateral

Sacrum - AP
Sacrum - Lateral

Sacroiliac Joints - AP
Sacroiliac Joints - Oblique LPO / RPO

Coccyx - AP
Coccyx - Lateral

Chiropractic Spine

Skull

Skull - AP
Skull - PA (Caldwell) 0°
Skull - PA (Caldwelll) 15°
Skull - PA (Caldwell ) 25° - 30°
Skull - PA (Haas)
Skull - Townes
Skull - Townes (Trauma)
Skull - Lateral
Skull - Lateral Horizontal Ray (Trauma)
Skull - SMV (Submentovertex) (Basal)

Sella Turcica - AP Axial
SellaTurcica - Lateral

Temporal Bone

Temporal Bone - Stenvers View
Petromastoid - Axiolateral (Modified Law)
Petromastoid - Axiolateral Oblique (Modified Law)
Petromastoid - Axiolateral (Henschen, Schuller, Lysholm)

Facial Bones

Facial - PA (Caldwell) 15°
Facial - PA 30° (Modified Parietocanthial)
Facial - OM
Facial - OM 30°
Facial - Lateral
Facial - Slit Townes
Facial - Slit (SMV) (Basal)

Nasal - OM
Nasal - Lateral
Nasal - Tangential

Orbits

Orbit - Superior Orbital Fissures - PA 25°
Orbit - Inferior Orbital Fissures
Orbit - OM
Orbit - OM 30°
Orbit - OM Modified
Orbit - Lateral
Orbit - Optic Canal (Foramen) (Rhese Method)

Zygoma

Zygomas - Arches Slit (SMV) (Basal)
Zygomas - Arches (OM)
Zygoma - Arch (Tangential)
Zygomas - Slit Townes

Sinuses

Sinuses - PA 15° (Caldwell)
Sinuses - OM (Waters)
Sinuses - OM (Waters) Open Mouth
Sinuses - Lateral
Sinuses - Submentovertical (SMV)

Mandible

Mandible - PA (Rami)
Mandible - PA (Body)
Mandible - Lateral
Mandible - Oblique
Mandible - SMV
Mandible - (Towne method)
Mandible - Symphysis
Mandible - Orthopantomogram (OPG)

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

TMJ - Slit Townes (Open mouth)
TMJ - Lateral Oblique
TMJ - Orthopantomogram (OPG)

Scoliosis Series

AP
Lateral
AP ferguson
left / right bending

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